Vegetables and fruits can be grown without soil, only in water. Vegetables in hydroculture are usually grown indoors and in an automated process. Advantages; Much less water is needed (water doesn't "disappear" in the ground and can be used again), and less space. Each plant gets exactly the nutritients it needs. They therefore usually grow better and stronger than plants in the field as everything can be monitored. The nutritients are put directly in the water. Usually less fertilizer is needed and the groundwater will be less negatively impacted. Sometimes hydronics is combined with vertical farming (plants stacked over one other) to increase total "farmland"). In some facilities they use a little bit of soil where the seeds and roots grow, in others no soil at all is being used. But the principle stays more or less the same. And of course each company is constantly trying to optimise their way of production and their products. In my local supermarket in Switzerland for example they are transporting and selling hydroculture grown lettuce with the roots in a little bit of soil. Like that the plant stays fresh and can even be replanted in your garden or your terrace at home. If you leave some small leaves in the middle - in my experience - it will regrow.
Aeroponics is very similar to hydroponics. But here the roots are lying freely in the air and are not submerged in the nutritious water. Instead the roots are being sprayed with water. In some way, aeroponics are like an amplification of all the benefits and needs hydroponics has compared to traditional agriculture. Even less water is needed, the nutritions are even more sophisticated, the plants are more protected against disease and tend to grow better than hydroponics. An aeroponics facility is also a bit more complicated and expensive than a hydroponics facility to build. Whereas an aeroponics facility usually has less ongoing costs due to a higher level of automatism and efficiency. A significant disadvantage of aeroponics is that it's suitable for less plants than hydroponics.
Previously considered a no go in the Western world, because of its environmental or even health benefits, eating insects is becoming more and more popular. Most people probably still wouldn't like to see the actual worms or legs and feelers of the insects when they are eating them. That's why they probably taste best when they are "wrapped" in an insect meat burger.
In Switzerland and in the European Union insects have recently been approved to be safe for consumption. So now it is possible to find insect burgers and other insect products at the grocery store. Insects provide a lot of protein and contain many vitamines. Probably more than actual meat.
We are a lot of people on this planet. And we keep getting more and more. By the end of the year 2022 we will pass 8 billions. So to be able to feed all of us we will get out of farmland sooner or later. But even for that problem there are solutions. With the right measures there's probably enough food and ressources in this world for twice as many. One solution to the food problem is vertical gardening. There might not be enough horizontal space. But when we start to use the vertical we dan dramatically increase the available farmland. Vertical gardening is even possible at home on your terrass. If you put plants on a shelf you are technically already in the "vertical gardening business". But then of course, vertical gardening is also possible on the big scale. With vegetable plants stacked one above the other and just enough nutricients and water the plant needs. Or a bit more low-tech: Supermarkets who are growing fruits and vegetables on their roofs. Creating "farmland" and saving transportation cost (money and CO2). We can even grow plants and food on the outside of our buildings.
Plant-based meat is already broadly accepted as a great alternative to real meat and can be found in the shelves of supermarkets around the world. There are now many different brands that are competing which is a good thing since they are pushing the price for plant-base meat down.
Cows are responsible for 9% of global warming mainly due to... their farts. Cows have a special stomach to be able to turn simple grass into meat and milk. But as a byproduct of that complicated digestive process they are emitting a lot of methane gas. Methane molecules are worse than CO2 because they help keeping even more heat (-> greenhouse effect) in the atmosphere. But scientists have found out that the amount of methane emitted by cows can be significantly reduced by adding certain food supplements. The company Mootral was able to create a supplement made of citrus fruit and garlic. Cows methane emissions could reportedly be reduced by up to 38% (jersey cows) or 20% (holstein cows). The supplement is 100% natural. There are similar companies with other additives that claim to reduce emissions even more. This could substantially reduce the greenhouse gas footprint of milk- and meatproduction.